diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml b/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml
index c6e10673..2d38d55d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml
@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@ jobs:
         env:
           JAVA_VERSION: ${{ matrix.version }}
           JAVA_PATH: ${{ steps.setup-java.outputs.path }}
-        run: bash __tests__/verify-java.sh "$JAVA_VERSION" "$JAVA_PATH"
+          SETUP_JAVA_VERSION: ${{ steps.setup-java.outputs.version }}
+          REQUIRE_CONCRETE_VERSION: ${{ (matrix.distribution == 'oracle' || matrix.distribution == 'graalvm') && !contains(matrix.version, '.') && !contains(matrix.version, '-ea') }}
+        run: bash __tests__/verify-java.sh "$JAVA_VERSION" "$JAVA_PATH" "$SETUP_JAVA_VERSION" "$REQUIRE_CONCRETE_VERSION"
         shell: bash
 
   setup-java-checksum-verification:
diff --git a/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts b/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts
index 7ca2e3aa..aef22936 100644
--- a/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts
@@ -148,6 +148,47 @@ class EmptyJavaBase extends JavaBase {
   }
 }
 
+class FloatingJavaBase extends JavaBase {
+  static actualVersion = '21.0.8+9';
+  static checksum: string | undefined = 'artifact-one';
+  static fingerprint: string | undefined = undefined;
+
+  constructor(installerOptions: JavaInstallerOptions) {
+    super('Floating', installerOptions);
+  }
+
+  protected async downloadTool(): Promise<JavaInstallerResults> {
+    return {
+      version: FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion,
+      path: path.join(
+        'toolcache',
+        this.toolcacheFolderName,
+        FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion.replace('+', '-'),
+        this.architecture
+      )
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected async findPackageForDownload(): Promise<JavaDownloadRelease> {
+    return {
+      version: '21',
+      url: 'https://example.com/java/21/latest/jdk-21.tar.gz',
+      checksum: FloatingJavaBase.checksum
+        ? {
+            algorithm: 'sha256',
+            value: FloatingJavaBase.checksum
+          }
+        : undefined,
+      floating: true,
+      fingerprint: FloatingJavaBase.fingerprint
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected requiresRemoteResolution(): boolean {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
 describe('findInToolcache', () => {
   const actualJavaVersion = '11.0.8';
   const javaPath = path.join('Java_Empty_jdk', actualJavaVersion, 'x64');
@@ -397,6 +438,7 @@ describe('setupJava', () => {
     spyCoreError.mockImplementation(() => undefined);
 
     jest.spyOn(os, 'arch').mockReturnValue('x86' as ReturnType<typeof os.arch>);
+    FloatingJavaBase.fingerprint = undefined;
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
@@ -476,6 +518,179 @@ describe('setupJava', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('uses the concrete versions of two different floating artifacts under the same major', async () => {
+    spyTcFindAllVersions.mockReturnValue(['21.0.8-9']);
+    spyGetToolcachePath.mockImplementation(
+      (_toolname: string, version: string, architecture: string) =>
+        path.join('toolcache', 'Java_Floating_jdk', version, architecture)
+    );
+    (jdkResolutionCache.restoreJdkResolution as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue(
+      undefined
+    );
+    (jdkCache.restoreJdk as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+    FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion = '21.0.8+9';
+    FloatingJavaBase.checksum = 'artifact-one';
+    const first = new FloatingJavaBase({
+      version: '21',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false,
+      cacheJdk: true
+    });
+    await expect(first.setupJava()).resolves.toEqual({
+      version: '21.0.8+9',
+      path: path.join('toolcache', 'Java_Floating_jdk', '21.0.8-9', 'x64')
+    });
+
+    FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion = '21.0.9+7';
+    FloatingJavaBase.checksum = 'artifact-two';
+    const second = new FloatingJavaBase({
+      version: '21',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false,
+      cacheJdk: true
+    });
+    await expect(second.setupJava()).resolves.toEqual({
+      version: '21.0.9+7',
+      path: path.join('toolcache', 'Java_Floating_jdk', '21.0.9-7', 'x64')
+    });
+
+    expect(spyCoreSetOutput).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(3, 'version', '21.0.8+9');
+    expect(spyCoreSetOutput).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(6, 'version', '21.0.9+7');
+    expect(jdkCache.registerJdk).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        version: '21.0.8+9',
+        source: 'sha256:artifact-one'
+      })
+    );
+    expect(jdkCache.registerJdk).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        version: '21.0.9+7',
+        source: 'sha256:artifact-two'
+      })
+    );
+    expect(jdkResolutionCache.registerJdkResolution).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      expect.objectContaining({source: 'sha256:artifact-two'}),
+      expect.objectContaining({version: '21.0.9+7', floating: true})
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('does not trust a matching tool-cache version for a floating artifact', async () => {
+    spyTcFindAllVersions.mockReturnValue(['21.0.8-9']);
+    spyGetToolcachePath.mockReturnValue(
+      path.join('toolcache', 'Java_Floating_jdk', '21.0.8-9', 'x64')
+    );
+    (jdkResolutionCache.restoreJdkResolution as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue({
+      release: {
+        version: '21.0.8+9',
+        url: 'https://example.com/java/21/latest/jdk-21.tar.gz',
+        checksum: {algorithm: 'sha256', value: 'artifact-republished'},
+        floating: true
+      },
+      fresh: true
+    });
+    (jdkCache.restoreJdk as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue(false);
+    FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion = '21.0.8+9';
+    FloatingJavaBase.checksum = 'artifact-republished';
+    const distribution = new FloatingJavaBase({
+      version: '21',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false,
+      cacheJdk: true
+    });
+    const downloadTool = jest.spyOn(distribution as any, 'downloadTool');
+
+    await distribution.setupJava();
+
+    expect(jdkCache.restoreJdk).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(downloadTool).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not cache a floating artifact with no way to identify its bytes', async () => {
+    spyTcFindAllVersions.mockReturnValue(['21.0.8-9']);
+    spyGetToolcachePath.mockReturnValue(
+      path.join('toolcache', 'Java_Floating_jdk', '21.0.8-9', 'x64')
+    );
+    FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion = '21.0.8+9';
+    FloatingJavaBase.checksum = undefined;
+    FloatingJavaBase.fingerprint = undefined;
+    const distribution = new FloatingJavaBase({
+      version: '21',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false,
+      cacheJdk: true
+    });
+
+    await distribution.setupJava();
+
+    expect(jdkResolutionCache.restoreJdkResolution).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(jdkResolutionCache.registerJdkResolution).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(jdkCache.restoreJdk).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(jdkCache.registerJdk).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('caches a checksum-less floating artifact identified by its response fingerprint', async () => {
+    spyTcFindAllVersions.mockReturnValue([]);
+    spyGetToolcachePath.mockReturnValue(
+      path.join('toolcache', 'Java_Floating_jdk', '21.0.8-9', 'x64')
+    );
+    FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion = '21.0.8+9';
+    FloatingJavaBase.checksum = undefined;
+    FloatingJavaBase.fingerprint = 'etag:"artifact-one"';
+    const distribution = new FloatingJavaBase({
+      version: '21',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false,
+      cacheJdk: true
+    });
+
+    await distribution.setupJava();
+
+    // The fingerprint changes when the vendor republishes, so it is a safe
+    // identity even though no checksum is available.
+    expect(jdkResolutionCache.registerJdkResolution).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({source: 'etag:"artifact-one"'}),
+      expect.objectContaining({version: '21.0.8+9'})
+    );
+    expect(jdkCache.registerJdk).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({source: 'etag:"artifact-one"'})
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('separates the cache identities of two builds served by the same floating URL', async () => {
+    const sources: string[] = [];
+    (jdkCache.registerJdk as jest.Mock).mockImplementation((entry: any) => {
+      sources.push(entry.source);
+    });
+    spyTcFindAllVersions.mockReturnValue([]);
+    spyGetToolcachePath.mockReturnValue(
+      path.join('toolcache', 'Java_Floating_jdk', '21.0.8-9', 'x64')
+    );
+    FloatingJavaBase.actualVersion = '21.0.8+9';
+    FloatingJavaBase.checksum = undefined;
+
+    for (const fingerprint of ['etag:"before"', 'etag:"after"']) {
+      FloatingJavaBase.fingerprint = fingerprint;
+      await new FloatingJavaBase({
+        version: '21',
+        architecture: 'x64',
+        packageType: 'jdk',
+        checkLatest: false,
+        cacheJdk: true
+      }).setupJava();
+    }
+
+    expect(sources).toEqual(['etag:"before"', 'etag:"after"']);
+  });
+
   it('should download java when force-download is enabled, even if the version is cached', async () => {
     mockJavaBase = new EmptyJavaBase({
       version: actualJavaVersion,
@@ -1074,7 +1289,7 @@ describe('setupJava', () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('does not record a floating release', async () => {
+    it('records the concrete version for a checksum-bound floating release', async () => {
       mockJavaBase = new EmptyJavaBase(options);
       jest
         .spyOn(mockJavaBase as any, 'findPackageForDownload')
@@ -1087,7 +1302,22 @@ describe('setupJava', () => {
 
       await mockJavaBase.setupJava();
 
-      expect(jdkResolutionCache.registerJdkResolution).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(jdkResolutionCache.registerJdkResolution).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        {
+          distribution: 'Empty',
+          packageType: 'jdk',
+          architecture: 'x86',
+          versionSpec: '11.0.9',
+          stable: true,
+          source: 'sha256:abc'
+        },
+        {
+          version: '11.0.9',
+          url: 'https://example.com/java/11/latest/jdk-11.tar.gz',
+          checksum: {algorithm: 'sha256', value: 'abc'},
+          floating: true
+        }
+      );
     });
 
     it.each([
diff --git a/__tests__/distributors/graalvm-installer.test.ts b/__tests__/distributors/graalvm-installer.test.ts
index 54dbb592..16b2c42c 100644
--- a/__tests__/distributors/graalvm-installer.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/distributors/graalvm-installer.test.ts
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ jest.unstable_mockModule('../../src/util.js', () => ({
   ...realUtil,
   extractJdkFile: jest.fn(),
   getDownloadArchiveExtension: jest.fn(),
+  getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile: jest.fn(),
   renameWinArchive: jest.fn(),
   getGitHubHttpHeaders: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({Accept: 'application/json'})
 }));
@@ -363,6 +364,30 @@ describe('GraalVMDistribution', () => {
         path: '/cached/java/path'
       });
     });
+
+    it('caches Oracle GraalVM floating artifacts under their installed version', async () => {
+      (util.getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile as jest.Mock<any>).mockReturnValue(
+        '21.0.9+7'
+      );
+      const floatingRelease = {
+        version: '21',
+        url: 'https://example.com/graalvm/latest/graalvm-jdk-21.tar.gz',
+        floating: true
+      };
+
+      const result = await (distribution as any).downloadTool(floatingRelease);
+
+      expect(tc.cacheDir).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        path.join('/tmp/extracted', 'graalvm-jdk-17.0.5'),
+        'Java_GraalVM_jdk',
+        '21.0.9+7',
+        'x64'
+      );
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        version: '21.0.9+7',
+        path: '/cached/java/path'
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('findPackageForDownload', () => {
@@ -451,6 +476,33 @@ describe('GraalVMDistribution', () => {
         });
       });
 
+      it.each([
+        ['21', 'etag:"graalvm-latest"'],
+        ['17.0.5', undefined]
+      ])(
+        'fingerprints only the floating artifact for version %s',
+        async (input, expected) => {
+          mockHttpClient.head.mockResolvedValue({
+            message: {statusCode: 200, headers: {etag: '"graalvm-latest"'}}
+          } as any);
+
+          const result = await (distribution as any).findPackageForDownload(
+            input
+          );
+
+          // Without a fingerprint the constant `/latest/` URL would key a cache
+          // entry that never invalidates when Oracle republishes the artifact.
+          expect(result.fingerprint).toBe(expected);
+        }
+      );
+
+      it('always resolves Oracle GraalVM major-only requests remotely', () => {
+        expect((distribution as any).requiresRemoteResolution()).toBe(true);
+        expect((communityDistribution as any).requiresRemoteResolution()).toBe(
+          false
+        );
+      });
+
       it('should throw error for unsupported architecture', async () => {
         distribution = new GraalVMDistribution({
           ...defaultOptions,
diff --git a/__tests__/distributors/oracle-installer.test.ts b/__tests__/distributors/oracle-installer.test.ts
index cbdebbf6..429b4f2e 100644
--- a/__tests__/distributors/oracle-installer.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/distributors/oracle-installer.test.ts
@@ -147,6 +147,27 @@ describe('findPackageForDownload', () => {
     expect(result.floating).toBe(url.includes('/latest/'));
   });
 
+  it.each([
+    ['21', 'etag:"oracle-latest"'],
+    ['21.0.1', undefined]
+  ])(
+    'fingerprints only the floating artifact for version %s',
+    async (input, expected) => {
+      spyHttpClient = jest.spyOn(HttpClient.prototype, 'head');
+      spyHttpClient.mockResolvedValue({
+        message: {statusCode: 200, headers: {etag: '"oracle-latest"'}}
+      });
+
+      const result = await distribution['findPackageForDownload'](input);
+
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+
+      // Without a fingerprint the constant `/latest/` URL would key a cache
+      // entry that never invalidates when Oracle republishes the artifact.
+      expect(result.fingerprint).toBe(expected);
+    }
+  );
+
   it('fetches the authoritative sha256 checksum for the resolved archive', async () => {
     spyHttpClient = jest.spyOn(HttpClient.prototype, 'head');
     spyHttpClient.mockResolvedValue({message: {statusCode: 200}});
@@ -164,6 +185,17 @@ describe('findPackageForDownload', () => {
     expect(spyHttpClientGet).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
+  it('always resolves major-only requests remotely', () => {
+    expect(distribution['requiresRemoteResolution']()).toBe(true);
+    const exactDistribution = new OracleDistribution({
+      version: '21.0.8',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false
+    });
+    expect(exactDistribution['requiresRemoteResolution']()).toBe(false);
+  });
+
   it.each([
     ['amd64', 'x64'],
     ['arm64', 'aarch64']
diff --git a/__tests__/jdk-resolution-cache.test.ts b/__tests__/jdk-resolution-cache.test.ts
index 8b12bbc6..f3e8af9b 100644
--- a/__tests__/jdk-resolution-cache.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/jdk-resolution-cache.test.ts
@@ -248,7 +248,8 @@ describe('JDK resolution cache', () => {
           algorithm: 'sha512',
           value: 'def456',
           source: 'https://example.com/a.sha512'
-        }
+        },
+        floating: true
       };
       restoreWith(JSON.stringify(full), 'setup-java-jdkres-v1-old');
 
@@ -312,6 +313,19 @@ describe('JDK resolution cache', () => {
         state.length
       );
     });
+
+    it('uses different keys for different floating artifact identities', () => {
+      createRunnerTemp();
+      registerJdkResolution({...request, source: 'sha256:first'}, release);
+      registerJdkResolution({...request, source: 'sha256:second'}, release);
+
+      const state = JSON.parse(
+        jest.mocked(core.saveState).mock.calls.at(-1)![1] as string
+      );
+      expect(new Set(state.map((item: {key: string}) => item.key)).size).toBe(
+        state.length
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('saveJdkResolutionCaches', () => {
diff --git a/__tests__/util-install.test.ts b/__tests__/util-install.test.ts
index 4d8ab2a3..b56529cd 100644
--- a/__tests__/util-install.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/util-install.test.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,12 @@ jest.unstable_mockModule('@actions/http-client', () => ({
 const tc = await import('@actions/tool-cache');
 const exec = await import('@actions/exec');
 const io = await import('@actions/io');
-const {cacheJdkDir, extractJdkFile} = await import('../src/util.js');
+const {
+  cacheJdkDir,
+  extractJdkFile,
+  getArtifactFingerprint,
+  getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile
+} = await import('../src/util.js');
 
 const originalToolCache = process.env['RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE'];
 const originalTemp = process.env['RUNNER_TEMP'];
@@ -298,6 +303,41 @@ describe('cacheJdkDir', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe('getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile', () => {
+  it.each([
+    ['JAVA_RUNTIME_VERSION="21.0.9+7-LTS-123"', '21.0.9+7'],
+    ['JAVA_RUNTIME_VERSION="17.0.12+8-jvmci-23.1-b52"', '17.0.12+8'],
+    ['JAVA_RUNTIME_VERSION="25+36-LTS"', '25.0.0+36'],
+    ['JAVA_VERSION="25.0.1"', '25.0.1'],
+    ['JAVA_VERSION="25"', '25.0.0']
+  ])('reads a concrete version from %s', (contents, expected) => {
+    const javaHome = createJdkDir();
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(javaHome, 'release'), contents);
+
+    expect(getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(javaHome)).toBe(expected);
+  });
+
+  it('reads the macOS Contents/Home release file', () => {
+    const javaHome = path.join(workDir, 'macos-jdk');
+    fs.mkdirSync(path.join(javaHome, 'Contents', 'Home'), {recursive: true});
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+      path.join(javaHome, 'Contents', 'Home', 'release'),
+      'JAVA_RUNTIME_VERSION="21.0.9+7-LTS"'
+    );
+
+    expect(getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(javaHome)).toBe('21.0.9+7');
+  });
+
+  it('fails when the JDK release metadata has no usable version', () => {
+    const javaHome = createJdkDir();
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(javaHome, 'release'), 'IMPLEMENTOR="Oracle"');
+
+    expect(() => getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(javaHome)).toThrow(
+      /Unable to determine the installed Java version/
+    );
+  });
+});
+
 describe('extractJdkFile', () => {
   it('uses pigz for tarballs when it is available', async () => {
     (io.which as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue('/usr/bin/pigz' as never);
@@ -410,3 +450,59 @@ describe('extractJdkFile', () => {
     expect(exec.exec).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
+
+describe('getArtifactFingerprint', () => {
+  it('prefers the ETag over the other validators', () => {
+    expect(
+      getArtifactFingerprint({
+        etag: '"abc123"',
+        'last-modified': 'Wed, 21 Oct 2026 07:28:00 GMT',
+        'content-length': '195000000'
+      })
+    ).toBe('etag:"abc123"');
+  });
+
+  it('combines the last-modified date and the content length without an ETag', () => {
+    expect(
+      getArtifactFingerprint({
+        'last-modified': 'Wed, 21 Oct 2026 07:28:00 GMT',
+        'content-length': '195000000'
+      })
+    ).toBe('mtime:Wed, 21 Oct 2026 07:28:00 GMT;length:195000000');
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['no validators', {}],
+    [
+      'only a last-modified date',
+      {'last-modified': 'Wed, 21 Oct 2026 07:28:00 GMT'}
+    ],
+    ['only a content length', {'content-length': '195000000'}],
+    [
+      'blank validators',
+      {etag: '   ', 'last-modified': '', 'content-length': ''}
+    ],
+    ['missing headers', undefined]
+  ])('returns undefined for %s', (_label, headers) => {
+    expect(getArtifactFingerprint(headers)).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('uses the first value of a repeated header', () => {
+    expect(getArtifactFingerprint({etag: ['"first"', '"second"'] as any})).toBe(
+      'etag:"first"'
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('distinguishes a republished artifact from the previous one', () => {
+    const before = getArtifactFingerprint({
+      'last-modified': 'Wed, 21 Oct 2026 07:28:00 GMT',
+      'content-length': '195000000'
+    });
+    const after = getArtifactFingerprint({
+      'last-modified': 'Thu, 22 Oct 2026 09:03:00 GMT',
+      'content-length': '195400000'
+    });
+
+    expect(before).not.toBe(after);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/__tests__/verify-java.sh b/__tests__/verify-java.sh
index 069d9008..1453d0ba 100755
--- a/__tests__/verify-java.sh
+++ b/__tests__/verify-java.sh
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ fi
 
 EXPECTED_JAVA_VERSION=$1
 EXPECTED_PATH=$2
+SETUP_JAVA_VERSION=$3
+REQUIRE_CONCRETE_VERSION=$4
 
 EXPECTED_JAVA_VERSION=$(echo $EXPECTED_JAVA_VERSION | cut -d'+' -f1)
 if [[ $EXPECTED_JAVA_VERSION == 8 ]] || [[ $EXPECTED_JAVA_VERSION == 8.* ]]; then
@@ -31,6 +33,21 @@ if [ -z "$GREP_RESULT" ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+if [ -n "$SETUP_JAVA_VERSION" ]; then
+  OUTPUT_JAVA_VERSION=$(echo "$SETUP_JAVA_VERSION" | cut -d'+' -f1)
+  OUTPUT_GREP_RESULT=$(echo "$ACTUAL_JAVA_VERSION" | grep -E "^(openjdk|java) version \"$OUTPUT_JAVA_VERSION")
+  if [ -z "$OUTPUT_GREP_RESULT" ]; then
+    echo "::error::The version output does not match the installed Java version"
+    echo "Version output: $SETUP_JAVA_VERSION"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [ "$REQUIRE_CONCRETE_VERSION" = "true" ] && [ "$OUTPUT_JAVA_VERSION" = "$EXPECTED_JAVA_VERSION" ]; then
+    echo "::error::Expected a concrete version output for a floating JDK"
+    echo "Version output: $SETUP_JAVA_VERSION"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
 if [ "$EXPECTED_PATH" != "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
   echo "::error::Unexpected path"
   echo "Actual path: $JAVA_HOME"
diff --git a/dist/cleanup/348.index.js b/dist/cleanup/348.index.js
index f02c412a..67801456 100644
--- a/dist/cleanup/348.index.js
+++ b/dist/cleanup/348.index.js
@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ function getResolutionIdentity(request) {
         packageType: request.packageType.toLowerCase(),
         architecture: request.architecture.toLowerCase(),
         versionSpec: request.versionSpec,
-        stable: request.stable
+        stable: request.stable,
+        source: request.source
     });
     return createHash('sha256').update(identity).digest('hex');
 }
@@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents) {
     const version = candidate['version'];
     const url = candidate['url'];
     const signatureUrl = candidate['signatureUrl'];
+    const floating = candidate['floating'];
     if (typeof version !== 'string' || !version) {
         throw new Error('The cached resolution has no version.');
     }
@@ -197,6 +199,9 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents) {
     if (signatureUrl !== undefined) {
         assertHttpsUrl(signatureUrl, 'signatureUrl');
     }
+    if (floating !== undefined && typeof floating !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new Error('The cached resolution has an invalid floating flag.');
+    }
     const release = {
         version,
         url: url
@@ -204,6 +209,9 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents) {
     if (signatureUrl !== undefined) {
         release.signatureUrl = signatureUrl;
     }
+    if (floating !== undefined) {
+        release.floating = floating;
+    }
     const checksum = candidate['checksum'];
     if (checksum !== undefined) {
         release.checksum = parseChecksum(checksum);
diff --git a/dist/cleanup/index.js b/dist/cleanup/index.js
index 8c7ebb34..734dc227 100644
--- a/dist/cleanup/index.js
+++ b/dist/cleanup/index.js
@@ -30840,7 +30840,7 @@ const DISTRIBUTIONS_ONLY_MAJOR_VERSION = (/* unused pure expression or super */
 /* harmony export */   Vt: () => (/* binding */ getBooleanInput),
 /* harmony export */   lN: () => (/* binding */ isJdkCacheEnabled)
 /* harmony export */ });
-/* unused harmony exports getVersionFromToolcachePath, extractJdkFile, cacheJdkDir, getDownloadArchiveExtension, isVersionSatisfies, getToolcachePath, isGhes, getVersionFromFileContent, convertVersionToSemver, getGitHubHttpHeaders, MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES, getNextPageUrlFromLinkHeader, validatePaginationUrl, renameWinArchive, getLatestMajorVersion */
+/* unused harmony exports getVersionFromToolcachePath, extractJdkFile, cacheJdkDir, getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile, getDownloadArchiveExtension, isVersionSatisfies, getToolcachePath, isGhes, getVersionFromFileContent, convertVersionToSemver, getArtifactFingerprint, getGitHubHttpHeaders, MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES, getNextPageUrlFromLinkHeader, validatePaginationUrl, renameWinArchive, getLatestMajorVersion */
 /* harmony import */ var os__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __nccwpck_require__(857);
 /* harmony import */ var os__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default = /*#__PURE__*/__nccwpck_require__.n(os__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__);
 /* harmony import */ var path__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __nccwpck_require__(6928);
@@ -31005,6 +31005,46 @@ async function cacheJdkDir(sourceDir, toolName, version, architecture) {
     }
     return await tc.cacheDir(sourceDir, toolName, version, architecture);
 }
+function getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(javaHome) {
+    const releasePaths = [
+        path.join(javaHome, 'release'),
+        path.join(javaHome, 'Contents', 'Home', 'release')
+    ];
+    const releasePath = releasePaths.find(candidate => fs.existsSync(candidate));
+    if (!releasePath) {
+        throw new Error(`Unable to determine the installed Java version: no release file found under '${javaHome}'.`);
+    }
+    const properties = new Map();
+    for (const line of fs.readFileSync(releasePath, 'utf8').split(/\r?\n/)) {
+        const match = line.match(/^([A-Z0-9_]+)="(.*)"$/);
+        if (match) {
+            properties.set(match[1], match[2]);
+        }
+    }
+    const runtimeVersion = properties.get('JAVA_RUNTIME_VERSION');
+    const runtimeMatch = runtimeVersion?.match(/^(\d+(?:\.\d+)*(?:\+\d+(?:\.\d+)*)?)/);
+    if (runtimeMatch) {
+        return normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(runtimeMatch[1]);
+    }
+    const javaVersion = properties.get('JAVA_VERSION');
+    if (javaVersion && /^\d+(?:\.\d+)*$/.test(javaVersion)) {
+        return normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(javaVersion);
+    }
+    throw new Error(`Unable to determine the installed Java version from '${releasePath}'.`);
+}
+function normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(version) {
+    const [numericVersion, buildVersion] = version.split('+', 2);
+    const components = numericVersion.split('.');
+    while (components.length < 3) {
+        components.push('0');
+    }
+    const mainVersion = components.slice(0, 3).join('.');
+    const build = [
+        ...components.slice(3),
+        ...(buildVersion ? [buildVersion] : [])
+    ];
+    return build.length > 0 ? `${mainVersion}+${build.join('.')}` : mainVersion;
+}
 function getToolcacheDestination(toolName, version, architecture) {
     const toolcacheRoot = process.env['RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE'];
     if (!toolcacheRoot) {
@@ -31195,6 +31235,38 @@ function convertVersionToSemver(version) {
     }
     return mainVersion;
 }
+/**
+ * Builds a validator for the bytes currently served by a URL from the response
+ * headers of a HEAD request. A vendor's `/latest/` URL never changes, so this
+ * is what lets a republished artifact be told apart from the previous one when
+ * no checksum is published alongside it.
+ *
+ * Returns `undefined` when the response carries no usable validator, in which
+ * case the caller must not treat the URL as a stable identity.
+ */
+function getArtifactFingerprint(headers) {
+    const readHeader = (name) => {
+        const value = headers?.[name];
+        const resolved = Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value;
+        return typeof resolved === 'string' && resolved.trim()
+            ? resolved.trim()
+            : undefined;
+    };
+    // A strong or weak ETag already identifies a specific representation.
+    const etag = readHeader('etag');
+    if (etag) {
+        return `etag:${etag}`;
+    }
+    // Otherwise combine the two validators a static file server reliably sends.
+    // Neither alone is sufficient: `last-modified` has one-second granularity and
+    // `content-length` is unchanged by a same-size rebuild.
+    const lastModified = readHeader('last-modified');
+    const contentLength = readHeader('content-length');
+    if (lastModified && contentLength) {
+        return `mtime:${lastModified};length:${contentLength}`;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
 function getGitHubHttpHeaders() {
     const resolvedToken = core.getInput('token') || process.env.GITHUB_TOKEN;
     const auth = !resolvedToken ? undefined : `token ${resolvedToken}`;
diff --git a/dist/setup/182.index.js b/dist/setup/182.index.js
index 20ff960a..cfb75b88 100644
--- a/dist/setup/182.index.js
+++ b/dist/setup/182.index.js
@@ -38,9 +38,15 @@ class OracleDistribution extends _base_installer_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__
         const extractedJavaPath = await (0,_util_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__/* .extractJdkFile */ .PE)(javaArchivePath, extension);
         const archiveName = fs__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default().readdirSync(extractedJavaPath)[0];
         const archivePath = path__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2___default().join(extractedJavaPath, archiveName);
-        const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(javaRelease.version);
+        const installedVersion = javaRelease.floating
+            ? (0,_util_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__/* .getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile */ .C4)(archivePath)
+            : javaRelease.version;
+        const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(installedVersion);
         const javaPath = await (0,_util_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__/* .cacheJdkDir */ .Vj)(archivePath, this.toolcacheFolderName, version, this.architecture);
-        return { version: javaRelease.version, path: javaPath };
+        return { version: installedVersion, path: javaPath };
+    }
+    requiresRemoteResolution() {
+        return this.stable && !this.version.includes('.');
     }
     async findPackageForDownload(range) {
         const arch = this.distributionArchitecture();
@@ -83,11 +89,15 @@ class OracleDistribution extends _base_installer_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__
         for (const url of possibleUrls) {
             const response = await this.http.head(url);
             if (response.message.statusCode === _actions_http_client__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__/* .HttpCodes */ .Hv.OK) {
+                const floating = url === floatingUrl;
                 return {
                     url,
                     version: range,
                     checksum: await this.fetchChecksum(`${url}.sha256`, 'sha256'),
-                    floating: url === floatingUrl
+                    floating,
+                    fingerprint: floating
+                        ? (0,_util_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__/* .getArtifactFingerprint */ .VX)(response.message.headers)
+                        : undefined
                 };
             }
             if (response.message.statusCode !== _actions_http_client__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__/* .HttpCodes */ .Hv.NotFound) {
diff --git a/dist/setup/242.index.js b/dist/setup/242.index.js
index d33ca434..f191e2ce 100644
--- a/dist/setup/242.index.js
+++ b/dist/setup/242.index.js
@@ -316,31 +316,33 @@ class JavaBase {
             throw new Error(`Input 'verify-signature' is not supported for distribution '${this.distribution}'.`);
         }
         let foundJava = this.forceDownload ? null : this.findInToolcache();
-        if (foundJava && !this.checkLatest && !this.latest) {
+        if (foundJava &&
+            !this.checkLatest &&
+            !this.latest &&
+            !this.requiresRemoteResolution()) {
             core/* info */.pq(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
         }
         else {
             core/* info */.pq('Trying to resolve the latest version from remote');
             try {
-                const javaRelease = await this.resolveJavaRelease();
+                let javaRelease = await this.resolveJavaRelease();
                 core/* info */.pq(`Resolved latest version as ${javaRelease.version}`);
+                if (javaRelease.floating) {
+                    // A tool-cache entry has no source identity. Even when its concrete
+                    // version matches, only the checksum-bound JDK cache can prove that
+                    // it contains the bytes currently served by the mutable URL.
+                    foundJava = null;
+                }
                 if (!this.forceDownload && foundJava?.version === javaRelease.version) {
                     core/* info */.pq(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
                 }
                 else {
-                    let jdkCache;
-                    if (this.cacheJdk) {
-                        const { getJdkVerificationIdentity } = await Promise.all(/* import() */[__webpack_require__.e(824), __webpack_require__.e(971), __webpack_require__.e(779)]).then(__webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 5779));
-                        jdkCache = {
-                            distribution: this.distribution,
-                            packageType: this.packageType,
-                            architecture: this.architecture,
-                            version: javaRelease.version,
-                            source: this.getJdkReleaseIdentity(javaRelease),
-                            verification: getJdkVerificationIdentity(this.verifySignature, this.verifySignaturePublicKey),
-                            path: this.getJdkCachePath(javaRelease.version)
-                        };
-                    }
+                    let jdkCache = this.cacheJdk &&
+                        (!javaRelease.floating ||
+                            (this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease) &&
+                                semver_default().valid(javaRelease.version)))
+                        ? await this.createJdkCache(javaRelease)
+                        : undefined;
                     if (!this.forceDownload && jdkCache) {
                         const { restoreJdk } = await Promise.all(/* import() */[__webpack_require__.e(824), __webpack_require__.e(971), __webpack_require__.e(779)]).then(__webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 5779));
                         const restored = await restoreJdk(jdkCache);
@@ -358,6 +360,18 @@ class JavaBase {
                         core/* info */.pq('Trying to download...');
                         foundJava = await this.downloadTool(javaRelease);
                         core/* info */.pq(`Java ${foundJava.version} was downloaded`);
+                        if (javaRelease.floating) {
+                            if (!semver_default().valid(foundJava.version) ||
+                                !(0,util/* isVersionSatisfies */.y)(this.version, foundJava.version)) {
+                                throw new Error(`The downloaded ${this.distribution} artifact reported Java ${foundJava.version}, which does not satisfy '${this.version}'.`);
+                            }
+                            javaRelease = { ...javaRelease, version: foundJava.version };
+                            await this.registerFloatingResolution(javaRelease);
+                            jdkCache =
+                                this.cacheJdk && this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease)
+                                    ? await this.createJdkCache(javaRelease)
+                                    : undefined;
+                        }
                         if (jdkCache) {
                             // Register after the installation exists so its identity is
                             // captured; the post-job save refuses to upload a path whose
@@ -406,8 +420,10 @@ class JavaBase {
         if (!this.cacheJdk ||
             this.checkLatest ||
             this.latest ||
-            this.forceDownload) {
-            return this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
+            this.forceDownload ||
+            this.requiresRemoteResolution()) {
+            const release = await this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
+            return this.restoreFloatingResolution(release);
         }
         const { restoreJdkResolution, registerJdkResolution } = await Promise.all(/* import() */[__webpack_require__.e(824), __webpack_require__.e(971), __webpack_require__.e(348)]).then(__webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 967));
         const request = {
@@ -427,7 +443,7 @@ class JavaBase {
             if (!javaRelease.floating) {
                 registerJdkResolution(request, javaRelease);
             }
-            return javaRelease;
+            return this.restoreFloatingResolution(javaRelease);
         }
         catch (error) {
             if (!restored) {
@@ -440,6 +456,60 @@ class JavaBase {
             return restored.release;
         }
     }
+    requiresRemoteResolution() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    async createJdkCache(javaRelease) {
+        const { getJdkVerificationIdentity } = await Promise.all(/* import() */[__webpack_require__.e(824), __webpack_require__.e(971), __webpack_require__.e(779)]).then(__webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 5779));
+        return {
+            distribution: this.distribution,
+            packageType: this.packageType,
+            architecture: this.architecture,
+            version: javaRelease.version,
+            source: this.getJdkReleaseIdentity(javaRelease),
+            verification: getJdkVerificationIdentity(this.verifySignature, this.verifySignaturePublicKey),
+            path: this.getJdkCachePath(javaRelease.version)
+        };
+    }
+    async restoreFloatingResolution(javaRelease) {
+        if (!javaRelease.floating ||
+            !this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease) ||
+            !this.cacheJdk ||
+            this.forceDownload) {
+            return javaRelease;
+        }
+        const { restoreJdkResolution } = await Promise.all(/* import() */[__webpack_require__.e(824), __webpack_require__.e(971), __webpack_require__.e(348)]).then(__webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 967));
+        const restored = await restoreJdkResolution(this.getFloatingResolutionRequest(javaRelease));
+        if (!restored) {
+            return javaRelease;
+        }
+        if (!semver_default().valid(restored.release.version) ||
+            !(0,util/* isVersionSatisfies */.y)(this.version, restored.release.version)) {
+            core/* debug */.Yz(`Ignoring the cached concrete version '${restored.release.version}' for ${this.distribution} ${this.version}.`);
+            return javaRelease;
+        }
+        core/* info */.pq(`Resolved ${this.distribution} ${restored.release.version} for the current floating artifact`);
+        return { ...javaRelease, version: restored.release.version };
+    }
+    async registerFloatingResolution(javaRelease) {
+        if (!this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease) ||
+            !this.cacheJdk ||
+            this.forceDownload) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const { registerJdkResolution } = await Promise.all(/* import() */[__webpack_require__.e(824), __webpack_require__.e(971), __webpack_require__.e(348)]).then(__webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 967));
+        registerJdkResolution(this.getFloatingResolutionRequest(javaRelease), javaRelease);
+    }
+    getFloatingResolutionRequest(javaRelease) {
+        return {
+            distribution: this.distribution,
+            packageType: this.packageType,
+            architecture: this.architecture,
+            versionSpec: this.version,
+            stable: this.stable,
+            source: this.getJdkReleaseIdentity(javaRelease)
+        };
+    }
     logSetupError(error) {
         const httpStatusCode = error instanceof tool_cache/* HTTPError */.Hl
             ? error.httpStatusCode
@@ -543,6 +613,9 @@ class JavaBase {
         if (javaRelease.checksum) {
             return `${javaRelease.checksum.algorithm}:${javaRelease.checksum.value}`;
         }
+        if (javaRelease.fingerprint) {
+            return javaRelease.fingerprint;
+        }
         try {
             const url = new URL(javaRelease.url);
             return `${url.origin}${url.pathname}`;
@@ -551,6 +624,15 @@ class JavaBase {
             return javaRelease.url;
         }
     }
+    /**
+     * Whether the release identity pins the exact bytes behind `url`. A floating
+     * URL is a constant string, so it only becomes a safe cache identity once a
+     * checksum or a response validator distinguishes one published build from the
+     * next.
+     */
+    hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease) {
+        return Boolean(javaRelease.checksum ?? javaRelease.fingerprint);
+    }
     findInToolcache() {
         // we can't use tc.find directly because firstly, we need to filter versions by stability flag
         // if *-ea is provided, take only ea versions from toolcache, otherwise - only stable versions
diff --git a/dist/setup/348.index.js b/dist/setup/348.index.js
index f9427538..c92c4de7 100644
--- a/dist/setup/348.index.js
+++ b/dist/setup/348.index.js
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ function getResolutionIdentity(request) {
         packageType: request.packageType.toLowerCase(),
         architecture: request.architecture.toLowerCase(),
         versionSpec: request.versionSpec,
-        stable: request.stable
+        stable: request.stable,
+        source: request.source
     });
     return (0,crypto__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__.createHash)('sha256').update(identity).digest('hex');
 }
@@ -191,6 +192,7 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents) {
     const version = candidate['version'];
     const url = candidate['url'];
     const signatureUrl = candidate['signatureUrl'];
+    const floating = candidate['floating'];
     if (typeof version !== 'string' || !version) {
         throw new Error('The cached resolution has no version.');
     }
@@ -198,6 +200,9 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents) {
     if (signatureUrl !== undefined) {
         assertHttpsUrl(signatureUrl, 'signatureUrl');
     }
+    if (floating !== undefined && typeof floating !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new Error('The cached resolution has an invalid floating flag.');
+    }
     const release = {
         version,
         url: url
@@ -205,6 +210,9 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents) {
     if (signatureUrl !== undefined) {
         release.signatureUrl = signatureUrl;
     }
+    if (floating !== undefined) {
+        release.floating = floating;
+    }
     const checksum = candidate['checksum'];
     if (checksum !== undefined) {
         release.checksum = parseChecksum(checksum);
diff --git a/dist/setup/968.index.js b/dist/setup/968.index.js
index 0cc0ea94..b4f7f49a 100644
--- a/dist/setup/968.index.js
+++ b/dist/setup/968.index.js
@@ -60,15 +60,23 @@ class GraalVMDistribution extends _base_installer_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4_
                 throw new Error('Extraction failed: no files found in extracted directory');
             }
             const archivePath = path__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2___default().join(extractedJavaPath, dirContents[0]);
-            const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(javaRelease.version);
+            const installedVersion = javaRelease.floating
+                ? (0,_util_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__/* .getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile */ .C4)(archivePath)
+                : javaRelease.version;
+            const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(installedVersion);
             const javaPath = await (0,_util_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__/* .cacheJdkDir */ .Vj)(archivePath, this.toolcacheFolderName, version, this.architecture);
-            return { version: javaRelease.version, path: javaPath };
+            return { version: installedVersion, path: javaPath };
         }
         catch (error) {
             _actions_core__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .error */ .z3(`Failed to download and extract GraalVM: ${error}`);
             throw error;
         }
     }
+    requiresRemoteResolution() {
+        return (this.distribution === 'GraalVM' &&
+            this.stable &&
+            !this.version.includes('.'));
+    }
     setJavaDefault(version, toolPath) {
         super.setJavaDefault(version, toolPath);
         _actions_core__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .exportVariable */ .dN('GRAALVM_HOME', toolPath);
@@ -89,13 +97,17 @@ class GraalVMDistribution extends _base_installer_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4_
         const fileUrl = this.constructFileUrl(range, major, platform, arch, extension);
         const response = await this.http.head(fileUrl);
         this.handleHttpResponse(response, range);
+        // A major-only range resolves to the vendor's `/latest/` path, whose
+        // contents change when a new build is published.
+        const floating = !range.includes('.');
         return {
             url: fileUrl,
             version: range,
             checksum: await this.fetchChecksum(`${fileUrl}.sha256`, 'sha256'),
-            // A major-only range resolves to the vendor's `/latest/` path, whose
-            // contents change when a new build is published.
-            floating: !range.includes('.')
+            floating,
+            fingerprint: floating
+                ? (0,_util_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__/* .getArtifactFingerprint */ .VX)(response.message.headers)
+                : undefined
         };
     }
     validateVersionRange(range) {
diff --git a/dist/setup/index.js b/dist/setup/index.js
index 17d8e1d9..4b7ec051 100644
--- a/dist/setup/index.js
+++ b/dist/setup/index.js
@@ -31235,12 +31235,14 @@ function validateToolchainIds(versions, versionFile, toolchainIds) {
 /***/ ((__unused_webpack_module, __webpack_exports__, __nccwpck_require__) => {
 
 /* harmony export */ __nccwpck_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, {
+/* harmony export */   C4: () => (/* binding */ getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile),
 /* harmony export */   G4: () => (/* binding */ getTempDir),
 /* harmony export */   OS: () => (/* binding */ getVersionFromFileContent),
 /* harmony export */   PE: () => (/* binding */ extractJdkFile),
 /* harmony export */   SA: () => (/* binding */ validatePaginationUrl),
 /* harmony export */   Tp: () => (/* binding */ MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES),
 /* harmony export */   U_: () => (/* binding */ getGitHubHttpHeaders),
+/* harmony export */   VX: () => (/* binding */ getArtifactFingerprint),
 /* harmony export */   Vj: () => (/* binding */ cacheJdkDir),
 /* harmony export */   Vt: () => (/* binding */ getBooleanInput),
 /* harmony export */   ZY: () => (/* binding */ convertVersionToSemver),
@@ -31418,6 +31420,46 @@ async function cacheJdkDir(sourceDir, toolName, version, architecture) {
     }
     return await _actions_tool_cache__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__/* .cacheDir */ .e8(sourceDir, toolName, version, architecture);
 }
+function getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(javaHome) {
+    const releasePaths = [
+        path__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default().join(javaHome, 'release'),
+        path__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default().join(javaHome, 'Contents', 'Home', 'release')
+    ];
+    const releasePath = releasePaths.find(candidate => fs__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__.existsSync(candidate));
+    if (!releasePath) {
+        throw new Error(`Unable to determine the installed Java version: no release file found under '${javaHome}'.`);
+    }
+    const properties = new Map();
+    for (const line of fs__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__.readFileSync(releasePath, 'utf8').split(/\r?\n/)) {
+        const match = line.match(/^([A-Z0-9_]+)="(.*)"$/);
+        if (match) {
+            properties.set(match[1], match[2]);
+        }
+    }
+    const runtimeVersion = properties.get('JAVA_RUNTIME_VERSION');
+    const runtimeMatch = runtimeVersion?.match(/^(\d+(?:\.\d+)*(?:\+\d+(?:\.\d+)*)?)/);
+    if (runtimeMatch) {
+        return normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(runtimeMatch[1]);
+    }
+    const javaVersion = properties.get('JAVA_VERSION');
+    if (javaVersion && /^\d+(?:\.\d+)*$/.test(javaVersion)) {
+        return normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(javaVersion);
+    }
+    throw new Error(`Unable to determine the installed Java version from '${releasePath}'.`);
+}
+function normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(version) {
+    const [numericVersion, buildVersion] = version.split('+', 2);
+    const components = numericVersion.split('.');
+    while (components.length < 3) {
+        components.push('0');
+    }
+    const mainVersion = components.slice(0, 3).join('.');
+    const build = [
+        ...components.slice(3),
+        ...(buildVersion ? [buildVersion] : [])
+    ];
+    return build.length > 0 ? `${mainVersion}+${build.join('.')}` : mainVersion;
+}
 function getToolcacheDestination(toolName, version, architecture) {
     const toolcacheRoot = process.env['RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE'];
     if (!toolcacheRoot) {
@@ -31608,6 +31650,38 @@ function convertVersionToSemver(version) {
     }
     return mainVersion;
 }
+/**
+ * Builds a validator for the bytes currently served by a URL from the response
+ * headers of a HEAD request. A vendor's `/latest/` URL never changes, so this
+ * is what lets a republished artifact be told apart from the previous one when
+ * no checksum is published alongside it.
+ *
+ * Returns `undefined` when the response carries no usable validator, in which
+ * case the caller must not treat the URL as a stable identity.
+ */
+function getArtifactFingerprint(headers) {
+    const readHeader = (name) => {
+        const value = headers?.[name];
+        const resolved = Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value;
+        return typeof resolved === 'string' && resolved.trim()
+            ? resolved.trim()
+            : undefined;
+    };
+    // A strong or weak ETag already identifies a specific representation.
+    const etag = readHeader('etag');
+    if (etag) {
+        return `etag:${etag}`;
+    }
+    // Otherwise combine the two validators a static file server reliably sends.
+    // Neither alone is sufficient: `last-modified` has one-second granularity and
+    // `content-length` is unchanged by a same-size rebuild.
+    const lastModified = readHeader('last-modified');
+    const contentLength = readHeader('content-length');
+    if (lastModified && contentLength) {
+        return `mtime:${lastModified};length:${contentLength}`;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
 function getGitHubHttpHeaders() {
     const resolvedToken = _actions_core__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__/* .getInput */ .V4('token') || process.env.GITHUB_TOKEN;
     const auth = !resolvedToken ? undefined : `token ${resolvedToken}`;
diff --git a/src/distributions/base-installer.ts b/src/distributions/base-installer.ts
index 519bd199..a4576813 100644
--- a/src/distributions/base-installer.ts
+++ b/src/distributions/base-installer.ts
@@ -173,33 +173,34 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
     }
 
     let foundJava = this.forceDownload ? null : this.findInToolcache();
-    if (foundJava && !this.checkLatest && !this.latest) {
+    if (
+      foundJava &&
+      !this.checkLatest &&
+      !this.latest &&
+      !this.requiresRemoteResolution()
+    ) {
       core.info(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
     } else {
       core.info('Trying to resolve the latest version from remote');
       try {
-        const javaRelease = await this.resolveJavaRelease();
+        let javaRelease = await this.resolveJavaRelease();
         core.info(`Resolved latest version as ${javaRelease.version}`);
+        if (javaRelease.floating) {
+          // A tool-cache entry has no source identity. Even when its concrete
+          // version matches, only the checksum-bound JDK cache can prove that
+          // it contains the bytes currently served by the mutable URL.
+          foundJava = null;
+        }
         if (!this.forceDownload && foundJava?.version === javaRelease.version) {
           core.info(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
         } else {
-          let jdkCache: JdkCache | undefined;
-          if (this.cacheJdk) {
-            const {getJdkVerificationIdentity} =
-              await import('../jdk-cache.js');
-            jdkCache = {
-              distribution: this.distribution,
-              packageType: this.packageType,
-              architecture: this.architecture,
-              version: javaRelease.version,
-              source: this.getJdkReleaseIdentity(javaRelease),
-              verification: getJdkVerificationIdentity(
-                this.verifySignature,
-                this.verifySignaturePublicKey
-              ),
-              path: this.getJdkCachePath(javaRelease.version)
-            };
-          }
+          let jdkCache =
+            this.cacheJdk &&
+            (!javaRelease.floating ||
+              (this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease) &&
+                semver.valid(javaRelease.version)))
+              ? await this.createJdkCache(javaRelease)
+              : undefined;
           if (!this.forceDownload && jdkCache) {
             const {restoreJdk} = await import('../jdk-cache.js');
             const restored = await restoreJdk(jdkCache);
@@ -217,6 +218,22 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
             core.info('Trying to download...');
             foundJava = await this.downloadTool(javaRelease);
             core.info(`Java ${foundJava.version} was downloaded`);
+            if (javaRelease.floating) {
+              if (
+                !semver.valid(foundJava.version) ||
+                !isVersionSatisfies(this.version, foundJava.version)
+              ) {
+                throw new Error(
+                  `The downloaded ${this.distribution} artifact reported Java ${foundJava.version}, which does not satisfy '${this.version}'.`
+                );
+              }
+              javaRelease = {...javaRelease, version: foundJava.version};
+              await this.registerFloatingResolution(javaRelease);
+              jdkCache =
+                this.cacheJdk && this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease)
+                  ? await this.createJdkCache(javaRelease)
+                  : undefined;
+            }
             if (jdkCache) {
               // Register after the installation exists so its identity is
               // captured; the post-job save refuses to upload a path whose
@@ -272,9 +289,11 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
       !this.cacheJdk ||
       this.checkLatest ||
       this.latest ||
-      this.forceDownload
+      this.forceDownload ||
+      this.requiresRemoteResolution()
     ) {
-      return this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
+      const release = await this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
+      return this.restoreFloatingResolution(release);
     }
 
     const {restoreJdkResolution, registerJdkResolution} =
@@ -300,7 +319,7 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
       if (!javaRelease.floating) {
         registerJdkResolution(request, javaRelease);
       }
-      return javaRelease;
+      return this.restoreFloatingResolution(javaRelease);
     } catch (error) {
       if (!restored) {
         throw error;
@@ -317,6 +336,92 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
     }
   }
 
+  protected requiresRemoteResolution(): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private async createJdkCache(
+    javaRelease: JavaDownloadRelease
+  ): Promise<JdkCache> {
+    const {getJdkVerificationIdentity} = await import('../jdk-cache.js');
+    return {
+      distribution: this.distribution,
+      packageType: this.packageType,
+      architecture: this.architecture,
+      version: javaRelease.version,
+      source: this.getJdkReleaseIdentity(javaRelease),
+      verification: getJdkVerificationIdentity(
+        this.verifySignature,
+        this.verifySignaturePublicKey
+      ),
+      path: this.getJdkCachePath(javaRelease.version)
+    };
+  }
+
+  private async restoreFloatingResolution(
+    javaRelease: JavaDownloadRelease
+  ): Promise<JavaDownloadRelease> {
+    if (
+      !javaRelease.floating ||
+      !this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease) ||
+      !this.cacheJdk ||
+      this.forceDownload
+    ) {
+      return javaRelease;
+    }
+
+    const {restoreJdkResolution} = await import('../jdk-resolution-cache.js');
+    const restored = await restoreJdkResolution(
+      this.getFloatingResolutionRequest(javaRelease)
+    );
+    if (!restored) {
+      return javaRelease;
+    }
+    if (
+      !semver.valid(restored.release.version) ||
+      !isVersionSatisfies(this.version, restored.release.version)
+    ) {
+      core.debug(
+        `Ignoring the cached concrete version '${restored.release.version}' for ${this.distribution} ${this.version}.`
+      );
+      return javaRelease;
+    }
+
+    core.info(
+      `Resolved ${this.distribution} ${restored.release.version} for the current floating artifact`
+    );
+    return {...javaRelease, version: restored.release.version};
+  }
+
+  private async registerFloatingResolution(
+    javaRelease: JavaDownloadRelease
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    if (
+      !this.hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease) ||
+      !this.cacheJdk ||
+      this.forceDownload
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const {registerJdkResolution} = await import('../jdk-resolution-cache.js');
+    registerJdkResolution(
+      this.getFloatingResolutionRequest(javaRelease),
+      javaRelease
+    );
+  }
+
+  private getFloatingResolutionRequest(javaRelease: JavaDownloadRelease) {
+    return {
+      distribution: this.distribution,
+      packageType: this.packageType,
+      architecture: this.architecture,
+      versionSpec: this.version,
+      stable: this.stable,
+      source: this.getJdkReleaseIdentity(javaRelease)
+    };
+  }
+
   private logSetupError(error: any): void {
     const httpStatusCode =
       error instanceof tc.HTTPError
@@ -430,6 +535,9 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
     if (javaRelease.checksum) {
       return `${javaRelease.checksum.algorithm}:${javaRelease.checksum.value}`;
     }
+    if (javaRelease.fingerprint) {
+      return javaRelease.fingerprint;
+    }
     try {
       const url = new URL(javaRelease.url);
       return `${url.origin}${url.pathname}`;
@@ -438,6 +546,16 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Whether the release identity pins the exact bytes behind `url`. A floating
+   * URL is a constant string, so it only becomes a safe cache identity once a
+   * checksum or a response validator distinguishes one published build from the
+   * next.
+   */
+  private hasStableReleaseIdentity(javaRelease: JavaDownloadRelease): boolean {
+    return Boolean(javaRelease.checksum ?? javaRelease.fingerprint);
+  }
+
   protected findInToolcache(): JavaInstallerResults | null {
     // we can't use tc.find directly because firstly, we need to filter versions by stability flag
     // if *-ea is provided, take only ea versions from toolcache, otherwise - only stable versions
diff --git a/src/distributions/base-models.ts b/src/distributions/base-models.ts
index ac4ddbd3..c3559f10 100644
--- a/src/distributions/base-models.ts
+++ b/src/distributions/base-models.ts
@@ -35,4 +35,12 @@ export interface JavaDownloadRelease {
    * be reused by a later job.
    */
   floating?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Validator identifying the exact bytes a mutable `url` currently serves,
+   * derived from the response headers of the HEAD request that resolved it.
+   * Used as the cache identity for a floating release when the vendor
+   * publishes no checksum, so that a republished artifact produces a different
+   * identity instead of being masked by the constant URL.
+   */
+  fingerprint?: string;
 }
diff --git a/src/distributions/graalvm/installer.ts b/src/distributions/graalvm/installer.ts
index 4666ae20..fb0aa3ad 100644
--- a/src/distributions/graalvm/installer.ts
+++ b/src/distributions/graalvm/installer.ts
@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ import {
   cacheJdkDir,
   convertVersionToSemver,
   extractJdkFile,
+  getArtifactFingerprint,
   getDownloadArchiveExtension,
   getGitHubHttpHeaders,
+  getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile,
   getLatestMajorVersion,
   getNextPageUrlFromLinkHeader,
   isVersionSatisfies,
@@ -95,7 +97,10 @@ export class GraalVMDistribution extends JavaBase {
       }
 
       const archivePath = path.join(extractedJavaPath, dirContents[0]);
-      const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(javaRelease.version);
+      const installedVersion = javaRelease.floating
+        ? getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(archivePath)
+        : javaRelease.version;
+      const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(installedVersion);
 
       const javaPath = await cacheJdkDir(
         archivePath,
@@ -104,13 +109,21 @@ export class GraalVMDistribution extends JavaBase {
         this.architecture
       );
 
-      return {version: javaRelease.version, path: javaPath};
+      return {version: installedVersion, path: javaPath};
     } catch (error) {
       core.error(`Failed to download and extract GraalVM: ${error}`);
       throw error;
     }
   }
 
+  protected requiresRemoteResolution(): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.distribution === 'GraalVM' &&
+      this.stable &&
+      !this.version.includes('.')
+    );
+  }
+
   protected setJavaDefault(version: string, toolPath: string): void {
     super.setJavaDefault(version, toolPath);
     core.exportVariable('GRAALVM_HOME', toolPath);
@@ -146,13 +159,18 @@ export class GraalVMDistribution extends JavaBase {
     const response = await this.http.head(fileUrl);
     this.handleHttpResponse(response, range);
 
+    // A major-only range resolves to the vendor's `/latest/` path, whose
+    // contents change when a new build is published.
+    const floating = !range.includes('.');
+
     return {
       url: fileUrl,
       version: range,
       checksum: await this.fetchChecksum(`${fileUrl}.sha256`, 'sha256'),
-      // A major-only range resolves to the vendor's `/latest/` path, whose
-      // contents change when a new build is published.
-      floating: !range.includes('.')
+      floating,
+      fingerprint: floating
+        ? getArtifactFingerprint(response.message.headers)
+        : undefined
     };
   }
 
diff --git a/src/distributions/oracle/installer.ts b/src/distributions/oracle/installer.ts
index 7610de02..ca4b2902 100644
--- a/src/distributions/oracle/installer.ts
+++ b/src/distributions/oracle/installer.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import {
 import {
   cacheJdkDir,
   extractJdkFile,
+  getArtifactFingerprint,
   getDownloadArchiveExtension,
+  getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile,
   getLatestMajorVersion,
   renameWinArchive
 } from '../../util.js';
@@ -43,7 +45,10 @@ export class OracleDistribution extends JavaBase {
 
     const archiveName = fs.readdirSync(extractedJavaPath)[0];
     const archivePath = path.join(extractedJavaPath, archiveName);
-    const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(javaRelease.version);
+    const installedVersion = javaRelease.floating
+      ? getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(archivePath)
+      : javaRelease.version;
+    const version = this.getToolcacheVersionName(installedVersion);
 
     const javaPath = await cacheJdkDir(
       archivePath,
@@ -52,7 +57,11 @@ export class OracleDistribution extends JavaBase {
       this.architecture
     );
 
-    return {version: javaRelease.version, path: javaPath};
+    return {version: installedVersion, path: javaPath};
+  }
+
+  protected requiresRemoteResolution(): boolean {
+    return this.stable && !this.version.includes('.');
   }
 
   protected async findPackageForDownload(
@@ -113,11 +122,15 @@ export class OracleDistribution extends JavaBase {
       const response = await this.http.head(url);
 
       if (response.message.statusCode === HttpCodes.OK) {
+        const floating = url === floatingUrl;
         return {
           url,
           version: range,
           checksum: await this.fetchChecksum(`${url}.sha256`, 'sha256'),
-          floating: url === floatingUrl
+          floating,
+          fingerprint: floating
+            ? getArtifactFingerprint(response.message.headers)
+            : undefined
         };
       }
 
diff --git a/src/jdk-resolution-cache.ts b/src/jdk-resolution-cache.ts
index 6c513db3..b23b0122 100644
--- a/src/jdk-resolution-cache.ts
+++ b/src/jdk-resolution-cache.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ export interface JdkResolutionRequest {
   architecture: string;
   versionSpec: string;
   stable: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Immutable identity of a remotely resolved artifact. When present, even an
+   * older cache bucket is safe to reuse because changed bytes produce a
+   * different request identity.
+   */
+  source?: string;
 }
 
 export interface RestoredJdkResolution {
@@ -210,7 +216,8 @@ function getResolutionIdentity(request: JdkResolutionRequest): string {
     packageType: request.packageType.toLowerCase(),
     architecture: request.architecture.toLowerCase(),
     versionSpec: request.versionSpec,
-    stable: request.stable
+    stable: request.stable,
+    source: request.source
   });
   return createHash('sha256').update(identity).digest('hex');
 }
@@ -257,6 +264,7 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents: string): JavaDownloadRelease {
   const version = candidate['version'];
   const url = candidate['url'];
   const signatureUrl = candidate['signatureUrl'];
+  const floating = candidate['floating'];
 
   if (typeof version !== 'string' || !version) {
     throw new Error('The cached resolution has no version.');
@@ -265,6 +273,9 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents: string): JavaDownloadRelease {
   if (signatureUrl !== undefined) {
     assertHttpsUrl(signatureUrl, 'signatureUrl');
   }
+  if (floating !== undefined && typeof floating !== 'boolean') {
+    throw new Error('The cached resolution has an invalid floating flag.');
+  }
 
   const release: JavaDownloadRelease = {
     version,
@@ -273,6 +284,9 @@ function parseResolvedRelease(contents: string): JavaDownloadRelease {
   if (signatureUrl !== undefined) {
     release.signatureUrl = signatureUrl as string;
   }
+  if (floating !== undefined) {
+    release.floating = floating as boolean;
+  }
 
   const checksum = candidate['checksum'];
   if (checksum !== undefined) {
diff --git a/src/util.ts b/src/util.ts
index b2f1ca14..8c6f0b2f 100644
--- a/src/util.ts
+++ b/src/util.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   DISTRIBUTIONS_ONLY_MAJOR_VERSION,
   INPUT_CACHE_JDK
 } from './constants.js';
-import {OutgoingHttpHeaders} from 'http';
+import {IncomingHttpHeaders, OutgoingHttpHeaders} from 'http';
 
 export function getTempDir() {
   const tempDirectory = process.env['RUNNER_TEMP'] || os.tmpdir();
@@ -192,6 +192,59 @@ export async function cacheJdkDir(
   return await tc.cacheDir(sourceDir, toolName, version, architecture);
 }
 
+export function getJavaVersionFromReleaseFile(javaHome: string): string {
+  const releasePaths = [
+    path.join(javaHome, 'release'),
+    path.join(javaHome, 'Contents', 'Home', 'release')
+  ];
+  const releasePath = releasePaths.find(candidate => fs.existsSync(candidate));
+  if (!releasePath) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Unable to determine the installed Java version: no release file found under '${javaHome}'.`
+    );
+  }
+
+  const properties = new Map<string, string>();
+  for (const line of fs.readFileSync(releasePath, 'utf8').split(/\r?\n/)) {
+    const match = line.match(/^([A-Z0-9_]+)="(.*)"$/);
+    if (match) {
+      properties.set(match[1], match[2]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const runtimeVersion = properties.get('JAVA_RUNTIME_VERSION');
+  const runtimeMatch = runtimeVersion?.match(
+    /^(\d+(?:\.\d+)*(?:\+\d+(?:\.\d+)*)?)/
+  );
+  if (runtimeMatch) {
+    return normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(runtimeMatch[1]);
+  }
+
+  const javaVersion = properties.get('JAVA_VERSION');
+  if (javaVersion && /^\d+(?:\.\d+)*$/.test(javaVersion)) {
+    return normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(javaVersion);
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Unable to determine the installed Java version from '${releasePath}'.`
+  );
+}
+
+function normalizeJavaReleaseVersion(version: string): string {
+  const [numericVersion, buildVersion] = version.split('+', 2);
+  const components = numericVersion.split('.');
+  while (components.length < 3) {
+    components.push('0');
+  }
+
+  const mainVersion = components.slice(0, 3).join('.');
+  const build = [
+    ...components.slice(3),
+    ...(buildVersion ? [buildVersion] : [])
+  ];
+  return build.length > 0 ? `${mainVersion}+${build.join('.')}` : mainVersion;
+}
+
 function getToolcacheDestination(
   toolName: string,
   version: string,
@@ -453,6 +506,44 @@ export function convertVersionToSemver(version: number[] | string) {
   return mainVersion;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Builds a validator for the bytes currently served by a URL from the response
+ * headers of a HEAD request. A vendor's `/latest/` URL never changes, so this
+ * is what lets a republished artifact be told apart from the previous one when
+ * no checksum is published alongside it.
+ *
+ * Returns `undefined` when the response carries no usable validator, in which
+ * case the caller must not treat the URL as a stable identity.
+ */
+export function getArtifactFingerprint(
+  headers: IncomingHttpHeaders | undefined
+): string | undefined {
+  const readHeader = (name: string): string | undefined => {
+    const value = headers?.[name];
+    const resolved = Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value;
+    return typeof resolved === 'string' && resolved.trim()
+      ? resolved.trim()
+      : undefined;
+  };
+
+  // A strong or weak ETag already identifies a specific representation.
+  const etag = readHeader('etag');
+  if (etag) {
+    return `etag:${etag}`;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise combine the two validators a static file server reliably sends.
+  // Neither alone is sufficient: `last-modified` has one-second granularity and
+  // `content-length` is unchanged by a same-size rebuild.
+  const lastModified = readHeader('last-modified');
+  const contentLength = readHeader('content-length');
+  if (lastModified && contentLength) {
+    return `mtime:${lastModified};length:${contentLength}`;
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 export function getGitHubHttpHeaders(): OutgoingHttpHeaders {
   const resolvedToken = core.getInput('token') || process.env.GITHUB_TOKEN;
   const auth = !resolvedToken ? undefined : `token ${resolvedToken}`;